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Researcher and author Stanley I. Evans, creator of Hocus Pocus: The Art of Deception, has released a new video uncovering the real story behind the adoption of the Titles of Nobility Amendment (TONA)—the long-suppressed 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Drawing on archival documents, legislative records, and official correspondence from 1810–1818, Evans explains how the … Read more
By Stanley Ivan Evans I. Introduction The 1819 Revised Code of the Laws of Virginia, printed by Thomas Ritchie under authority of an act of the General Assembly passed March 12, 1819, stands as a decisive legal act in the constitutional history of the United States. Within this publication appears the Constitution of the United … Read more
For over two centuries, the Titles of Nobility Amendment (TONA) has existed in a legal limbo — proposed, ratified by multiple states, printed in official law books, and even acknowledged in diplomatic correspondence, yet silently omitted from the U.S. Constitution by the very government that once declared it law. The evidence is not theoretical. It … Read more
Was there any political reason for Connecticut to reject TONA in May 1813? ChatGPT said: Excellent question — and this goes straight to the heart of the historical and political context of Connecticut in 1813. The short answer is no compelling political reason existed in May 1813 for Connecticut to reject the Titles of Nobility … Read more
By Stanley I. Evans* Abstract In 1810, Congress proposed the Titles of Nobility and Honor Amendment (TONA), a measure intended to reinforce the republican principle that no American citizen should accept honors or offices from foreign powers without forfeiting citizenship. By 1812, twelve of the seventeen states had ratified the amendment. For over two centuries, … Read more
Reconsideration and Record Substitution: Connecticut’s 1814 Reversal on the Titles of Nobility Amendment By Stanley I. Evans AbstractThis Article examines Connecticut’s apparent reversal on the Titles of Nobility Amendment (TONA) between 1813 and 1814 and argues that the committee report now preserved as the official record was most plausibly rewritten during the political upheaval following … Read more
Introduction The framers of the U.S. Constitution were acutely aware of the dangers of foreign influence and the corruption of public officials through monetary inducements or honors. This concern gave rise first to the Emoluments Clause in 1787 and later to the proposed Titles of Nobility Amendment (TONA) in 1810. Although often discussed together, these … Read more
Thesis: From 1813 to 1817, the federal government repeatedly acted and printed as if the Titles of Nobility Amendment (TONA) had been adopted. After Congress centralized “certification” procedures in 1818, later editors and agencies rewrote the public memory of those years. What followed wasn’t one dramatic cover-up so much as a century-long administrative suppression: decisions, … Read more
The Congressional Research Service (CRS) memorandum you shared concludes that the proposed Titles of Nobility Amendment (TONA) “has not been ratified by the states” and rests that conclusion on (1) modern practice that makes the Archivist of the United States the certifying officer, (2) a 2020 NARA blog post that says TONA never reached three-fourths, … Read more
What the 1908 government catalogue says An official U.S. Government Printing Office publication—Monthly Catalogue of United States Public Documents, No. 164 (August 1908)—contains a short historical note on the “Anti-Nobility Amendment.” It explains three crucial points (your scans show the page): The amendment (TONA) “came so near to adoption that for many years it was … Read more