Why Connecticut Reversed Course on the Titles of Nobility Amendment (TONA)
Thesis: Connecticut’s move from an initial, pro-ratification posture on TONA to a formal “disagreement” in…
Year: 2025
August 1814: Connecticut “disagrees,” a Monroe letter goes missing, and the Executive keeps treating TONA as adopted
In the late summer of 1814—weeks before British troops burned Washington—the State Department and the…
Did Connecticut First Ratify the Titles of Nobility Amendment?
A close read of the committee paper, the overwritten resolution, and the “Theodore Dwight” signature…
Additional Amendment”: What the 1816 North Carolina Manual—and Monroe’s 1814–1816 Papers—Tell Us About TONA
You uploaded two pages from Henry Potter’s A Justice of the Peace; A Guide to…
The Mystery of James Monroe’s January 12, 1814 Circular
On January 12, 1814—amid the War of 1812 and four years into the life of…
Did TONA get adopted? What these three State Department documents actually prove
The three exhibits at a glance “Circular to the Foreign Ministers,” Department of State, Jan.…
If TONA Were In Force Today: What Would Change—and Who Would Be at Risk?
Quick refresher: what TONA says In 1810 Congress proposed a constitutional amendment that went far…
TONA (1810–1812): State Adoptions and Rejections
Background and Submission to the States (May–Dec 1810) May 1, 1810 — Congress approved the…
The Titles of Nobility Amendment: America’s Forgotten 13th Amendment
Introduction In the early years of the United States, the Founders were deeply concerned about…